Switching apparatus.



w. M. soon. SWITCHING APPARATUS.

1,251,120. APPLICATION FILED APR- B. l9l5. Patented Dec. 25.

Z6 W JW $.22

W. M. SCOTT.

' SWITCHING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 8. ISIS.

1,251,120. Patented Dec. 25,1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

w. M soon. SWITCHING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED AI'IL 8.1915- PatentedDec. 25,1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Fig-(9.

UNITED STATES 'PATENTJOFFICE.

To all whom it may concemi 'Chester and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented a new and useful Switching Apparatus, of whiehijthe followingis a specifica- My invention-relates to electrical control apparatussuitable-or switching or" controlling heavy electric-currents such asused i'n'electric lighting and electric power prac- My invention residesin a. Icemprismg a plurality of switches or circuit breakers, -which mavbe operatedeither manually or by "power-, with suitablemeans insurinthat "one of the switchesor breakers never be simultaneously closed.

shall aways he in normal, nera'll'y open, position and insuring that alof the switches or bre'akers shall'neve'r be simultaneously in abnormal,generally open, position.

'; iIn onefof its aspects my invention resides in transfer Switchingmechanism wher'eb 1 a consumptloncircult may be placed at (bferent'times in communication with different supplycircuits or a supplycircuit 1 may be-put in'communication at. different times with differentconsumption circuits, suitable interlocking means being provided toinsure-that one of theswit'ehes' shall always'becloscd and that all ofthem shall 1 In the preferred embodiment of my invention the switchesare operated by a motor, though they may also be operated by hand, withsuitablem'eans for positively opening one of the switches when anotheris closed. V

And a further feature of my invention resides in means whereby theclosing movement ofone of the switches begun by manual effort will hecompleted by motive power and the positive opening of another switch -isinsured.

My invention resides in further features of structure and circuitarrangements hereinafter described.

In some of itsaspects my invention is similar to that disclosed inPatent No. 903.417, granted May 30, 1911.

For an illustration of one of the forms Specification of Lettcra'latent.

with thejg'en'erator orsource of ener or other device through. thedouble pole:

positively opens the other.

WILLIAM H. SCOTT, OF TREDY FFBIN TOWNSHIP, CHESTER COUNTY, PENIISYLVANIA.

SWITCHI JTG APPARATUS.

atented Dec. 25, 1917.

a ucauoii'mca'a m a, 1915. Seria18o.20,d25.

my invention may take reference is to be had to the accompanyingdrawings, in

which: A V

Fi 'ur'e 1 is a side elevational-view-of the switching mechanismjand itsoperating mos tor. v- Fig. 2 i'sja. side elevational view of a detent ordog, on enlargedscale. forming part of the manual'controlfstructure.

Fig. 321s are; Bass net, elevation illustratinga manuallyoperatedflever' and l the associated "switchjactu ating lever opemteathereby.

' Fig. 4jis aJsldefelevational view-enlarger scale,{of'on e' oi themembers of-Fig. 3.

Figz' 5fi is a top plan view, partlyin sec-' tion,-:o'f a controlswitch? 7 Fig. 6 is'ia side elevational 'viewo f the mechanism .of.Eig.{5 4

FigL'Tis a top plan view otthe notor driven mechanism.

Fig. 8- is aside 'elevation'al view 'of'the mechanism of Fig. 7, someparts being sliown.in'section.

Fig.9 is a diagrammatic view-illustrating an arrangement of circuitswhich may be employed.

Referring first the conductors of a consumption circuit which maybeplaced; in communicatioa The apparatus hereinafter described is Fig.9, a5 indicate of such structure that either A, A or B, A

B shall always be closed, that both never shall be opensimultaneouslmand that if 'one of them should be closed or partiallyclosed, as by hand, closure would be enforced after once instituted, andthe other positively opened, and whether operated manually or by motorthe closure of on Referring now to Figs. 1 to 8, 1 is a base orswitchboard, of suitable insulating material, upon which are disposedone vertically .above the other, the switches or breakers A and A, andbeside them, one

vertically above the other, the switches or adapted to be engaged andbridged by the; movable laminated contact member '4 car'- ried by thea'rm 5 pivoted to the housing 6 at 7. Carried b thearm 5 are the usualmetallic andcarllo 9 coiiperating respectively with the stationarymetallic and carbon shunt contacts 10 and 11. v

Pivoted to the arm 5 at.12 is the short toggle link 13 pivoted at 14 tothe link 15.

pivoted at 16 to the link or lever 17 pivoted to the housing 6 at 18.The link 19 is pivoted to the housing 6 at 20 and at pivot.

14. This is suitable mechanism for operating the contact member 4 and ismerely an example of many structures which may be employed.

In the lower breakers A and B the lever 17 is provided with a notch 21in which is adapted to engage the do or detent 22 pivoted at 23 to themanna ly operable lever or handle 24 which is pivoted at 18 to thehousing 6 andhas the projection 24 adapted to engage the spring buffer25 on the under side of the housing 6. a

In the circuit c osing position, which is the normal position for theexample illustrated, the toggle comprising links 15 and 17 isovertraveled, that is, the center of pivot 16 is slightly to the rightof the imaginary straight line joining the centers of pivots 14 and 18,a suitable stop 17 being provided on the link 17 to prevent overtravelbeyond the position indicated. The fact that the toggle is overtraveledrcstrains or locks the bridging member 4 in its closed position, and tocause it to move to its open position the pivot 16 must be carried backacross dead center to allow the toggle 15, 17 to collapse.

Pivoted at 26 to the levers 17 of the upper and lower switches of a pairis a rod 27.

causing theselevers' 17 to move in definite .Vhcn

relation in unison with each other. the arm 24 is in its lower position,the normal position of the dog 22, under the in fluence of gravity, issubstantially that inthe essential parts of switch 11 shunt contacts 8and upon the a phcation of downward pressure upon' the ever 24 it willcarry lever 17 downwardly in, clockwise direction about pivot 18 toexpand the toggles and move the bridge 4 to circuit closing position.Near the end of its downward movement the end' 24" of thelever engagesthe spring 25, compressing the same, and when the operator removes hishand, the spring 25 will return 'the lever 24 slightly in an upwarddirection to a distance suflicient to allow detent 22 to drop away fromthe notch 21 to the position indicated in Fig. .1. I

w Pivoted at 26 for operating the switches -A, A is the connecting rod28 pivoted at 29 to the crank 30 secured to the lower gear wheel 31rotatable upon the shaft 32 carried by the lower housing 33. Aconnecting rod 34 similar to 28 is pivoted at 26 to the lever- 17 ofthe-switch B and at its lower end at 35-to the crank 36 secured to thegear '37 which is rotatable upon the shaft 32 but is not positivelyconnected to the ar 31 except under certain hereinafter specified.conditions. V

- Secured to the gear 31 is the beveled gear 38, and similarly securedto gear 37 is the beveled gear 3 9,thc beveled gear 40 meshing with bothbeveled gears 38 and 39. The gear 40 is an idler rotatable upon the endof the arm 41 which pal-takes of pivotal .or rocking movement 11 mtheshuft 32, the arm .41 carrying at its left end, Fig. 8, a

spring 42, the left end of the arm having "nee movement lmtween thestops 43 and 44 carried by the housings 33.

Disposed beneath the housings 331s the electric motor M whose armatureshaft is vertical and carries-at its upper end the gear 45 continuouslymeshing with the driven gears 46 and 47 driving respectively the worms48 and 49 connected to the gears 46 and 47 by universal jointcoupliugs.The worms 48 and 4!) are adapted to mesh with and drive respectively thegears 31 and 37.

. The upper ends of the shafts" of worms 48 and 49 are pivoted at 50 and51 with the toggle links 52 and 53, respectively, which are in turn poted at 5.4 and to the toggle links 56 and 57 pivoted at 58 and 5!) tothe housings The links 56 and 57 have the slots 60 and 61 in which aredisposed the pins 62 and 63 carried on the upper ends of 64 and (35attached to the cores (36 of solenoids 67 and 68. The solenoid 67controls the worm 48 which meshes with the gear 31, and solenoid 68controls the worm 4!) which meshes with the gear 37. Pi voted at 69 isthe bar or beam 70 adapted at its ends to engage or be engaged by theupper ends of the shafts of the worms 48 and 49. Its purpose is topositively hold one worm, as 48, out of mesh with its gear 31 as theother worm 49 is forced into mesh with its gear 37." A certain amount oflost motion is allowed between the ends of the beam 70 and the ends ofthe worm shafts.

Movable with the gear 31 is the arm 71 to which is pivoted at 72 the rod73 pivoted at 74 ,to the lever 75 which controls the switch =blade 76which is adapted to engage the motor'M, as hereinafter described.

the switches A and A in circuit closing postationary contact 77, themembers 76 and 77 constituting the switch in the circuit of the motor M,the switch being opened, as shown in-Fig. 1, when the gear 31 has movedthe switches A, A to circuit closing position and-closed by. the openingmovement of the switches, A, A. Pivoted to the upper end of the shaft oftheworm 48 at 78 is the lever -79 pivoted at 80 to the lever 81 which ispivfoted" atj82 and carries the contact arm 83 adapted tot engage thestationary contacts 84 or 85.1 -.This is=a localizing switch for robhingthe operators switch of control of the With sition as indicated inFig.1, the movable :contact'83 is inengagement with" contact 84.

Butwhen the solenoid 67 is energized to thereby extend the toggle 52, 56the upper "end of the shaft of worm 48 will be moved to therightcarrying the contact 83 into en'- gag ement with 85. heswitcheswhose'movable contact members' are 76 and 83, as described, areassociated with the driving mechanism for the switches A and A. Similarswitches are associated with the driving mechanism of the switches B andB and are indicated in Fig. 9 as follows: i

The movable contact 86' of the motor switch cooperates with thestationary contact 87 {and the movable contact lever 88 of thelocalizing switch cotiperates with the stationary-contacts 89 and 90()n' the base or switchboard 1, in ass0cia tion with-both pairs of mainswitches is the switch illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, indicated as to itsposition in Fig. 1. This switch comprises the movable contact member 91secured to the bar 92 and pivoted at 93 to the bracket 94 which alsoforms electrical communication with the member 91.

the stationary contacts 95 and 96. To each end of the bar 92 there ispivoted at 97 a plunger 98 movable in the tube 9!) in which is disposeda spring 100 in front of which opposite sides of the pivot 93 aredisposed is attached to the are connected the indicating lamps 114 and115 and the resistances 116 and 117.

The contact '112 is connectedby conductor 118 with contacts 84 and 96;andcontact 113 tween connects through conductor 119 withcon'r tacts 89and 95. The coxitacts'fSfiQSOand 9 are iconnected with thef conductor109 by" conductor-120. "One terminal-lei th motor' field- 107 connectsbyconductor- 121- witli'thecontacts 77 and 87, alf ditlie ifivifnb 1 76and 86 cr'mnect"through the solenoids fi'l and 68 with the m oviihl econtac ts 83.} nd

respectively. p 4 The operationis as follows lVith the switches A," A"in circuit closing;

and .9 the position a'sindicated. in 7 generator G is in"commun1ca't1onthrough these switches .With the circuit comprising the conductors'a andb, iandjthehatteryior a source S is disconnected from ther di fi i a, I)because thefswitches' B, B; are open;

To transfer the conductor-sag 71' from com'; munication with generator.G to the battery S? the operator actuates the control switch C to bringcontact 111 'intoengagement with contact 113, thereby -sliort circuitingresistance, 117 and lamp 115;"which latter wits glowing because itscircuit was closed from conductor 109 to conductor 108 .thrbugh solenoid68, switch 86, and the motor M,

thus indicating that the switches A, A

were closed and B, B were open, with the ..result that there is anincrease in the strength of current flowing through the circuit referredto suflicient to energize the solenoid 68 and the motor-M. The motoraccordingly starts an rotates both worms '48 and 49 and the so enoid 68attracts its core 66 upwardly, expanding the toggle 57, thrusting theworm 49 into mesh with gear 37, causing the motor to drive the gear 37.In so actuating the worm 49 the localizing switcli member 88 is broughtinto engagement with contactQO whereby the motor circuit is furtherclosed through conductor 120, contact 90, switch 88, solenoid 68 and fthe motor M, whereby the motor continues in rotate even if the operatorreleases the switch 1, which returns to central or non nial positionunder the influence of a spring or gravity and separates contacts 111from contact113. The rotation of the gear 37 will accordingly pulldownwardly on the connecting rod 34 and therefore ull downwardly .uponthe outer'ends of t e lever 17- of theswitches B, B moving them tocircuit -closing position where they are restrained by the overtravel oftheir toggles.

As the gear 37 starts to rotate, at the be ginning o themovement abovereferred to,

it drives the idler gear 40 through the' gear" 39 and the gear 40 beingfree to tilt upon the shaft 32, rotates in mesh with .bothgears 39-ofswitches A, A to rotate in counterclockviewed in Fig. 1, carrying twise direction about their lpivots 18,"'as e toggles 15, 17 hackwardlyacross, their dead oentersrto remove the contact members 4 of theseswitchesfrom their terminal blocks 2 and.

3, with the result that the closure of switches a B, B is'accompanied bya positively forced opening of the switches A, A, thus disconnecting thegenerator G from the conductors (r and b and connecting the batter -Sto.

the' conductors a, b. Immediatey the toggle 15,17 of switchesA, A havebeen thus forced backwardly across theirdead centers, the togglemechanism collapses and the switches A, A move rapidly toward opencircuit position, being aided by the usual springs or gravity, and in sodoing raise the rod 28, that is, cause the rod 28 to run ahead of thedriving movement im-. parted thereto through the gear-40, and the gear40 being now unloaded, it is driven by gear 39 and it accordingly tiltsupwardly, as viewed in Fig. 8, mirrying its left end downwardly vto thestop 44. This return movement of the idler 40'is in effect a lost motionwhich allows the movable contacts ot-the switc'lies'A, A to-rapidlyleave their cooperating stationary contacts to a distance which safelyopens the circuit. When the switches B, B reach their circuit closingposition the motor switch 86 opens and the localizing switch blade 88separates from contact 90. And the opening of the switches A, A,enforced as above described, is ac companied by a counterclockwisemovement 'of the arm 71, Fig. 1, which closes the motor switch 76, 77,but since the solenoid 67 has not be energized, .thelocalizing switch83, 85 remains open.

During closure of the switches B, B"th plunger 102 is forced inwardlytilting the contact 91 to position to engage contact 95. and breakconnection with contact 96.

To thereafter open the switches B, B and through the now closed motorswitch 76, 77,

close the switches A, A the operators switch C is moved in oppositedirection to bring -contact 111 into engagement with contact 112'whereupon the motor M is started and thesolenoid 67 is energized,shifting the worm 48 into mesh with gear v31, which latter is now'drivenb the motor, to extend the toggle 52, 56 w ich shifts the localizingswitc blade 83 into engagement with contact 85, whereupon the motorcontinues to rotate without further control thereon'b the operatorsswitch C.- The result 15 that t e switches A, -A areclosed and theswitches B, B-- os'itively opened, through the agency oft ev idler ear40, and .the switch arm 91 is returne "to the position indicated inFigs. 5and 9.

. The switches maybe closed man ally by Y the operatin levers .24.'Toiclose the 5 switches'B', the lever. 24idf the-ilo'wer I breaker B israised until theidog en ages? in the. notch 21 0f the lever 756tower,"breaker B, and uponide ressingthei'handlef 24 both breakers .B-an B aremoved to, circuit closing position due-to the in'tercorinection of thelevers 17, by the-rod27ri-The downward movement of: the-rbd27-ofbreal'rcrs B, B is. accom anied b -"-a -'downward' movement of the rod34 whic ;;th erefore.ro-"- 5-- tates the gear 37andits';attached gear'39,

which latter operates upon the idler-gear .40,

tor 108 with the result-that the motor is 'im startedas if theycontrolswitch C had been A shifted to bring contact 111 into-engagement withcontact 113. 'In.other words, upon starting to. manually close the.switches the switch 91, is'closed and starts the motor 115 which thencontinues the. closin movement even if the operator shouldreiinquish'the handle 24. And pursuant tosuch closure of switches B, Bthe switches A, A are forcibly opened as reviously described.

And in manual'y closing the switches A, A, the motor switch 76, 77 beingclosed, the switch lever 91 will be tilted back into position indicatedin Fig. 9, whereupon the motor M will again be connected through switch91, 96, contact .94, switch blade 83, solenoid 67, motor switch 76, andthe motor M and the closing movement will be carried to completionregardless of the operator.

Both in the motor operation of the Z circuit through lamp 114 whichglows and shall first be in communication with the conductors a, b.

With the parts in the: position indicated in Fig. 9, there-is a closedcircuit through the lamp 115 which accordingly glows and serves toindicate that the swtiches B, B are open 'or that the switches A, A. areclosed; When the switches A, A are open the motor switch 7 6, 77 isclosed, for reasons hereinbefore given, in which case there is a servestoindicate that switches A, A are "open and that switchesB, B"areclosed.

' The current 25" and the solenoid 67 or solenoid .68. But this passingthrough these lamps paws-in each instance throu h the motor M current is'too small. to

energize the solenoid orthemotorhf j 3 WhatIclaim is:.- q IL Thecombination with a plurality: of switches, of means for locking each ofsaid switches-in closed position, means iorpreventing theirsimultaneousclosure com rising an operating member for each switch, anda connection between said operating members operatedby-one of saidoperatin members. when closing its switch to unloc and positivelyoperate the operating member a of another switch to"pos1t1vely open thesame, anlelectro-motive device for actuating, said operating members,and'means preventing simultaneous actuation-of said operating members in"the same direction by said electro-motive-device.

2. The combination with a plurality of switches, of means for lockingeach of said switches in closed position, means for' preventing theirsimultaneous closure comprising an operating member for eachlswitch, anda connection between said operating members operated by one ofsaidoperating members when closing its switch-to unlock and positivelyoperate the operating member of another switch to positively open thesame, an operating lever for each ofsaid operating members, and aconnection whereby said operating lever actuates its operating member inone direction only.

3. The combination with a plurality of switches, of means'for lockingeach of said switches in closed position, means for preventing theirsimultaneous closure and insuring the closure of one of them comprisingan operating member positively connected with a movable member of eachswitch for El ie 'driven by .said. driving moving the same in oppositedirections, and a connection between said operating members causing oneof them to move in onedirection to unlock and positively. open itsswitch when another of said 0 ratin members moves in opposite directionto c use-its switch, a motive device, and a disengageable connectionbetween said motive device and each of said opieli'ating members.-

4. Thecom ation with a'plurality of switches, of means for locking each'o'fisa'id switches in closed osition, meansfor preventing their simutaneous' closure and insuring the closure. of one of them comprising anoperating member positively connected with a movable member ofeach'switch for moving the same in' opposite directions,zand

a lost motion connection between said oper ating members causing oneof'themt'of-move' in one direction .tounlock andpositively .open itsswitch when another-of-saidopermembers moves in opposite=directionatinto-clbse its switch, a motive device-for.; -ac'-' tuating said operatingmembers,l'and means preventing simultaneously actuationtofjsaid operatiembersin the same direction by said, motive devicei .1

V -5.. The combination with switches, of means for f of them shallalwaysqbeclosedand allnever simultaneously open oomprismg an operatthatsome.

memberpositively-connected to a movmember, of each switch-for"actuating= the same in opposite direction-means "for driving saidoperating members, a connection between said .operatmg membersji throughwhich one of. said operating members .is

means in one direc tionwhen another 'is riven in opposite dir rection bysaid means, and means preventing simultaneous actuation of saidoperating members in the same ing means.

direction by said driv- 6. The combination with a pluralitypf switches,of means for insuring that some of them shall always be closed and allnever simultaneously open comprising an operatin member positivelyconnected to amovabe -member of each switch for actuating the same inopposite directions, means for driving said operating members, and alost the same in opposite directions, means for driving said operatingmembers, a disengageable connection between said driving means and eachof said operating members,

said motive device and each of said opefating members, means preventingsimu taneous engagement of said connections between said motive deviceand said operating members, whereby said operating members may not beactuated simultaneously inthe same direction by said motive 'device,-andan indirect connection between said operating members insuring theirsimultaneous movement in opposite directions by said motive device whenone of said'operating' members is actuated by said motive device.

9. The combination with a plurality of switches, of means for insuringthat some of them-shall'always be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen comprising an,operating member positively connected to a movablemember. of each switch'for actuating the same in opposite directions, aconnection between said operatingmembers insuring theirsimulta-neousmovement in op 0- site directions when one; of said operating members isactuated, said connection-comprising an idler gear, and a gearcooperatmg with each of said operating members meshing with said idlergear.

10. The combination with aplurality of switches, of means for insuringthat some of them shall always be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen comprising an operating member positively connected to a movablemember of each-switch for actuating the same in opposite directions, aconnection between said operating members insuring their simultaneousmovement in opposite directions when oneof said operating members isactuated, said-connection comprising an idler gear, a gear connectedwith each of said operating members meshing with said idler gear, apivoted lever carrying said idler gear, and means limiting the movementof said lever.

11. The combination with a'plurality-of switches,'-of means for insuringthat some of them shall always be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen comprising a toggle in each switch, said toggle adapted tooverswitches, ofmeans for insuring that some of them shall always closedand all never simultaneously 0 en comprisinga toggle in each switch, saitoggle adapted to overtrav elto restrain the same in closed osi-- tion,an operating member-connecte each toggle, and a lost motion connectionbe- ,tw'een said operating members insuring actuation of one of them inone direction when another of them rection.

13. The combination witha plurality :of switches, of means -for insuringthat some of'them shall always be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen comprising a toggle in each switch, travel to restrain the same inclosed osition, an operating member connecte to each toggle, aconnection between said oper is actuated in opposite disaid toggleadapted to over-.'

ating members insuring actuation-of one of them in one direction whenanother of them is actuated in opposite direction, means for actuatingsaid operating members, and means preventing their simultaneous actuastion in the same diretion by said actuating means 14. The combinationwith switches, of means for insuring that some of them shall always beclosed and all never simultaneously open comprising a toggle in eachswitch, said toggle, adapted to overtravel to"restrainthe same in closedtio'n, an operating member connected to each toggle, a lost motionconnection between said operating members insuring actuatio'n of one-ofthem in one direction when another of them is actuated in opposite direction, means for actuating said operating members, and means.preventing their simultaneous actuation in the'same direction bysaidactuating means.

15. The combination with a' plurality of switches, of means for insuringthat some of them shall always be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen comprising an opera'ting member positively connected to a movablemember of each Switch for actuating the same in opposite directions, amotor, a disengageable mechanical connection comprising driving anddriven members intervening between said motor and each of said a lurlity? operating members, and a connection be- 16. The combination with aplurality of switches, of means for insuring that some of the same inopposite directions, a motor, a disengageable mechanical connectloncomthem shall always be closed and all never prising driving and drivenmembers intersimultaneously open comprising an operatin memberpositively connected to a movable member of each switch for actuatingthe samein' oppositedirections, a motor, a disengageable mechanicalconnection comprising driving and driven members interveningbetween saidmotors and each of said operating members, and ;a lost motion connectionbetween the driven members of said IDGChIIIIICaI COIIIIEClZIOIISinsuring the move- ,mentofon'e of said operating members in onedirectionwhen disengaged from said motor'when -another is driven by said motorini opposite direction.

7; .The combination with a plurality of switches, of means for insuringthat some of them shall always be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen, comprising an operatingm'ember positively connected to a movablemember'of each vswitch for actuating the same in opposite directions, amotor, a disengageable mechanical connection comprising driving anddriven members intervening between said motors and each of saidoperating members, a connection between. the, driven members of saidmechanicalconnections insuring the movement ofone of said operatingmembers in one direction hen 'discnga d from said motor whenmnother isdriven by said motor in oppositoidirection, said connection comprisingan idler gear, and a gear connected to each of said operating membersmeshing with said idler gear. y

18; The combination with a plurality of switches, of means for insuringthat some of them shall always be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen, comprising an operati member positively connected to. a movalsomember of each switch for actuating the same in opposite directions, amotor, a disengagcable mechanical connection comprising drivinganddriven membeis inter- .vening between said motors and each of saidoperating members, a connection between the driven members of saidmechanical connections insuring the movement of one of said operatingmembers in one direction when disengaged from said motor when another isdriven by said motor in opposite direction, said connection comprisingan idler gear, a gear connected to each of said operating membersmeshing with said idler gear, a pivoted lever on which said idler gearis mounted, and means for limiting the movement of said lever.

19. The combination with a plurality of switches, of means for insuringthat some of them shall always be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen comprising an operating member positively connected to a movablemember of each switch for actuating.

.them shall always be closed and allnever simultaneously open comprisinganfoperat I ing member positively connected to a m oV. ablememberof-each switch fori actuatingias the same in opposite directions,means' ';forj driving said operating member's',a conned-ff tion betweensaid operating members for, driving one of said operating member sflinone direction when another is driven in op posite directionby saidmeans, adrivi'ng" motor, av switch controlling the'same,"means' otherthan said motor for actuating 'an operating member, andfmeans forshifting 881d switch to energize said motor for' actuatinggw one of saidoperatingmembers'tobomplete" Q closure ofits switch after its closingmovement has been initiated by said means other,

than said motor;

21. The combination with apluralitybf switches, of .means for insuringthat some of them shall always be closed,,and'al1.never.

simultaneously opencompris ng an operating member positively connectedto a mov able member of each switch for actuating the same in oppositedirections, means for driving said operating members, a connectionbetween said operating members for driving one of said operating membersin one direction when another is driven in opposite direction by saidmeans, a driving motor, a double-throw switch controllin the same, andmeans for shifting-said switc to position to energize said motor wheneither of two of said operating members is moved in switch closingdirection, said motor completing the switch closure.

22. Thccombination' with a plurality of switches, of means for insuringthat'some of them shall always be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen comprising an operating member positively connected to a mov; ablemember of each switch for actuating the same in opposite directions, amotor, a disengageable mechanical connection comprising driving anddriven members intervening between said motors and each of saidoperating members, a connection between the driven members of saidmechanical connections insuring the movement of one of said 0 cratingmembers in one direction when isengaged from said motor when another isdrivenby said motor in opposite direction, a solenoid for causingengagement of each of said driving with said driven members of saiddisengageable mechanical connections, a-switph controllingsaid solenoidand said motor, and means for shifting said switch to energize saidmotor to actuate one of said operating members to complete closure ofitsswitch after the closina movement of its switch has been begun by.means other than said motor.

23. Thecombination with a plurality of switches, of-means for insuringthat some of them shall always" be closed and all never simultaneouslyopen comprising an operatin member positively connected to a movab emember of each switch for actuating the same-in opposite directions, amotor, a disengageable mechanical connection com prising driving andvening between said motors and each of said operating members, aconnection between the driven members of said mechani-. calconnectionsinsurmg the movement of one of said operatin members in onedirection when ,disenga from said motor when another is drivendirection,

ment. of each of said driving with said driven members of saiddisengageable mechanical connections, a switch controlling said solenoidand said motor, means for shifting said switch to energize said motorto'actuate one of said operating members to complete closure of itsswitch after the closing movement of its switch has been begun by meansother than said motor, and an" operators switch having contactsconnected in parallel with the contacts of said motor controllingswitch." i

' 24. The combination with a plurality of switches, of mea for'insuringthat some of them shall always be closed and all neversimultaneously open comprising an operatin member positively connectedto a movabie member of each switch for actuating the same in oppositedirections, means for driving said operating members, a connectionbetween said operating members for driving one of said operating membersin one direction when another is driven in opposite direction by saidmeans, a driving motor, a switch controlling the same, means forshifting said switch to energizeisaid r iotor for actuating one of saidopera ing members to complete closure of its switch after its closingmovement has been initiated by means other than said mute, and nnoperators switch having contacts connected in parallel with the contactsof said motor controlling switch. i 25. The combination with a pluralityswitches, of means for insuring that some driven members intery saidmotor in opposite a solenoid for causing engageone direction whenanother 15 driven in opposite direction by saidmeans, a driving motor, adouble-throw switch controlling the same, means for shifting said switchto position to' energize said motor when either of two of said operatingmembers is moved in switch closing direction, said motor completing theswitch closure, and an' operators switch having contacts connectedinparallel with the contacts of said motor controlling switch. I

26. The combination 'with an electricv switch, of means 'for manuallyactuating the same, amotor for actuating the same, ,-a motor controllingswitch, and means forshifting said motor controlling switch in responseto movement of said manual actuating means toenergize said motor tocomplete the movement instituted by said man-- ual actuating means.

27. The combination with an electric switch, of means for mmuall closingthe 95 same, a motor for closing sai switch, and amotor controllingswitch operated inre,- sponse tomovement of said manual actuat-' ingmeans to energize said motor to close said switch.

28. The combination with an electric switch, ofan operatingmember'therefor,

a manually operated member adapted to engage said member to actuate saidswitch, a motor for actuating said switch independ- 5 cntly of saidmanual actuating means, amotor controlling switch, and means responsiveto movement of said manual actuating means for shifting said motorcontrolling switch to energize said motor.

29. The combination with an electric switch, of means for manuallyactuating the same, a motor for actuating the same, a motor con-trollingswitch, means for shifting said motor controlled switch in re- 115sponse to movement of said manual actuating means to energize said motorto complete the movement instituted by said manual actuating means andan operators switch connected in parallel with said motor 120controlling switch.

30. The combination with an electric switch, of means for manuallyclosingthe same, a motor for closing said switch, a motor controllingswitch operated in re- 125 sponse to movement of said manualactuatingmeans to energize said motor to close said switch and an o eratoflsswitch con- 7 31. The combination with an electric switch, of anoperating member therefor, a manually operated member adapted to en gagesaid member to actuate said switch, a motor for actuating said switchindepend ently of said manual actuating means, a

motor controllin switch, means responsive to movement 0 said manualactuating means for shifting said motor controlling switch to energizesaid motor, and an operators switch connected in parallel with saidmotor controlling switch. "32. The combination with an electrigswitch,-'of means for'manually actuating the same, a motor foraiituating the same, a

motor controlling switch means for shifting' said motor controllingswitchin response to movementof said manual actuating means to energizesaid motor to complate the movement instituted by said manualactuatinmeans, and a switch breaking the circuit 0 said motor upon thecompletionof switch movement by said motor.

33. The combination with an electric switch, of means for'manuallyclosing the same, a, motor for closing said switch, a

motor controlling switch operated in response to movement of said manualactuatin means to energize said motor to close said switch and a switchbreaking the circui t'ofi said motor upon the completion of ,switchmovement by said motor.

The combination with an electric switch,'o'f an operating membertherefor, 85 a manually operated member adapted toiengagesaid member toactuate said switch, a motor for actuating said switchindcpend- "entl yof said manual actuating means, a motor controllin switch, meansresponsive 40 to movement 0 said manual actuating means for shiftingsaid motor controlling switchtocne 'ze said motor, and a switch breakingthe circuit of said motor upon the completion of switch movement by saidmotor. 35. The combination with an electric switch, of means formanually actuating the "same, a motor for actuating the same, a motorcontrolling switch, means for shifting said motor controlling switch,inresponse to movement of said manual actuating means to energize saidmotor to complete the movement instituted by said manual actuatingmeans, and a second switch actuated when said motor is started formaintaining said motor energized independently of said motor controllingswitch.

36. The combination with an electric switch, of means for manuallyclosing the on same, a motor for closing said switch, a

motor controlling switch operated in response to movement of said manualactuat in means to energize said motor to close said switch, and asecond switch actuated as when said motor is started for maintaining formaintaining said motor energized independently of said motor controllingswitch.

38. The combination with a switches, of a worm gear positively connectedwith a movable member of each switch plurality of for actuating thesame, a motor, a worm for each worm gear driven by said motor, meansprevent ng said worms meshing with their gears simultaneously, and aconnection betweerrsaid -W0rm ears for can one of them when driven ysaid motor t d drive the other in opposite direction through saidconnection.

39. The combination with 'a plurality of switches, of a worm gearpositively con nected with a movable member of each switch for actuatingthe same, a motor, a worm for each worm gear driven by said motor,

means preventing said worms me'shingwith their gears simultaneously, anda connection between sa1d worm gears for causmg one of them when drivenby said motor to drive the other in opposite direction through saidconnection, said worm gear driven by said motor operating t close one ofsaid switches and said other worm gear driven through said connectionoperating to positively open another of said switches.

40. The combination with a plurality of switches, of a worm gearposltivel connected with a movable member 0 each switch for actuatingthe same, a motor, a Worm for each worm gear driven by said motor mcanspreventing said worms meshing with their gears simultaneously, and a10st motion connection between sa d worm gears for causing one of themwhen driven by said motor to drive the other in opposite directionthrough said connection.

41. The combination with a plurality of switches, of a worm gearpositively connected with a movab e member of each switch for actuatingthe same, a motor, a worm for each worm gear driven by said motor, meanspreventing-said worms meshing with their gears simultaneously, and alost motion connection between $81d worm gears for causing one of themwhen driven by said motor to drive the other in opposite directionthrough said connection, said one worm gear driven by said motoroperating to close one ofsaid switches and said other said worms m g.with-their gears simul,

worm driven through said connection operating to pos'itivelyopen anotherof said switches.

' 42.-Tho combination with :a plurality of switches, of. a worm 'gearpositively. con- Q" sted-with amovable member of each switch Q I foractuating theme, 'a motor,- a. worm for each worm gear driven by saidniotonmeans r ventingsaia worms meshing with their ,Qo' gearssimultaneously, and anidler gear formmg a connection bctween saidworm-gears for causing qne'of them when driven by said motorto drivethemther in opposite direction through saidi'idler gear, 1

16 43. .The combination with a plurality ofv switches,' '-of g-a -"worm'gear positlvely'j qonnected :with a. movable memberofeach switch I'foractliating the'same, amo'tor, awomton each worm gear driven by saidmotor, means preventingnsajd worms meshing with their gearssimultaneously, and an idler gear'formmg a connection between said wormmotor to drive the other in opposite direction through said 'idler'gear, said worm gear drivenby said motor operating to close one 'ofsaidiswitches and said other worm gear driven through-said idlergear-operating to positively open another of said switches.

'switches',"' of 'a' worm earpositively connected with a. movab emember" of each- A ..s'witch' for actuating-the same in opposite.

' directions," nmotor, a worm for each. worm gear driven by saldmotor,means preventing ta'neou'sly, a connect ion-- between said worm gearsfor causing one, of them when driven. by said motor to drive the otherthrough said connection, "said connect-ion comprising an idler gearmeshing with gears attached to said -worm gears, a. pivotedlevercarrying said idler gear, and means limiting the movement of said,lever.

switches-of a worm' r' positively connected with a movab 0 member ofeach switch for actuating the 'slme in opposite directions, a motor, aworm for each worm gear driven by said motor, means preventmg said wormsmeshing with their gears simultaneously, 'a connection between said"worm gears for causing one of them when driven by. said motor to drivethe other through said connection, said worm-gear driven by said-motoroperating to close one of said switches and said other worm gear driventhrough said connection operating to positively open another of saidswitches, said connection comprising an idler gear meshingwith gearsattached to said worm gears, a pivoted lever carrying said idler gear,and means limiting the movement of said lever.-

la 46. The combination with an electric diclwa oable-c0nnecti0n Fit-llSaid gearsfor causing "one of them when driven by said 45. ,Thecombination with a plurality of 47. The combination with 'an electric'switch having a' movablcf-contact member,

of a manually operated member havin a moviible contact member foractuating the same'in one direction only,".a: motor for actuating saidmovable contact member, and-a" motor ;controlling'switch actuated inresponse to movemcnt of said moiable-eontact-x'nember by said manuallyoperated 1ncmber' for cn-t 5 'ergizing said motor to'continue movementof odd contact member independently of said manually operated member. IV 518. :The combination .with an' electr c switch having a movablecontact mcmbenof a manually operated member havinga discn gageableconnection with said contact memer for actuating the same in onedirection only, a motor for actuating said contact member in the samedirection, and a motor controlling switchactuated in response tomovement of said contactmemberinstituted by said. manually operatedmember for energizing' said motor to continue actuationof said contactmember,independently of said manually operated member." I

49. In switching mechanism, the combination. with a. movable contactmember, of a -pivoted member for actuating the" same, a

pivoted o wmtingdcver, a dog pivoted .on"1o5 said lever forengaging-slid pivoted member to actuate the same in one direction only,and means for freeing said pivotcdgncmber from said dog afterpredetermined move mcnt'o'f said contact 'ineinber 50. In switchingmechanism, the combination with a movable eontact'member, of a, pivotedmember for. actua tinq the same, a. pivoted operating lever, a dagpivoted on said lever for engaging said pivoted mem- -bcr' to actuatethe samein'one direction only,

and a spring compressed by said lever "in actuating said pivoted member,sai spring returning said le'ver when released, a, allow said dog tomove to position to disengage from said pivoted member. 4

51. In switching me-hanism, the combination with a movabh contactmember, of a pivoted member fim' actuating the same, a. pivotedoperating lever movable indepen dcntly of saidpivoted member, and adisengageablo connection between said pivoted member and pivoted levercomprising means carried by said lever and fadapted to enga e andactuate said pivoted member in one rection, and means moving saidpivoted cally disengagingsaid manually operable member from said drivenmember.

53. The combination with amovable contact member of a switch, of amanually operable member for actuating .the same, a motor for actuatingmotor controlling switch actuated in response to movement of saidcontact member by said manually operable member to enerme said motor toactuate said cont ct mem- Eer independently of said mnnuall operablemember, a disengagcable connection between said manually operable memberand said contact member, and cally discngngin said manually operablemember from sai contact member.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto af fixed my signature this 6" dayof April,

WILLIAM M. soon. I

said contact member, a

mean for automati-'

